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Analysis of the Evolution and Driving Forces of Landscape Pattern in an Ecological Context: A Case Study of Chengjiang City, Yunnan Province ＬＩＵＳｈａ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (3): 1-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.03.001 Abstract （103）      PDF（pc） （4241KB）（137）       Knowledge map    Save The study of landscape pattern evolution is an important way to understand regional ecological security and sustainable development. This study uses Landsat series remote sensing images from 2000 to 2020, combined with Fragstats 4.2 software to calculate landscape pattern indices. It also employs methods such as the transfer matrix and geographic detector to systematically reveal the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving mechanisms of the landscape pattern in Chengjiang City. The results show that: 1) From 2000 to 2020, the land coverage types in Chengjiang City were dominated by cultivated land and forest land. Over the 20‑year period, the cultivated land area has decreased by 6.54 km², most of which was converted to grassland and forest. The forest area increased by 36.81 km², mainly from cultivated land, while the construction land area increased by 5.15 km², mainly from cultivated land and forest land. 2) Between 2000 and 2020, the degree of landscape fragmentation in Chengjiang City intensified, with both the Contagion Index and Shannon's Diversity index showing upward trends, indicating that human activities have led to increased landscape heterogeneity. This study validates the applicability of Fragstats in landscape analysis of plateau lake areas and provides data support for the land space optimization and ecological protection in Chengjiang City. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Coupling of Land Leveling and Enhanced Rock Weathering for CO₂ Removal in Hilly and Mountainous Areas of China LI Jingting¹, JIAN Long¹, CHEN Weizhi² HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (3): 18-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.03.003 Abstract （73）      PDF（pc） （1112KB）（130）       Knowledge map    Save To address climate change and contribute to achieving the “Dual Carbon” goal, this study proposes integrating Enhanced Rock Weathering (ERW) technology with land leveling projects, by utilizing on‑site crushing of gravel to realize CO₂ sequestration and betterment of land. This technology utilizes silicate and carbonate minerals to fix CO₂ through weathering, thereby helping to replenish China's farmland resources. Simultaneously, it gradually releases essential nutrients such as potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium to improve soil conditions, increasing the soil pH by 0.2 to 2 units and boosting crop yields by 12% to 42%. Additionally, it synergistically strengthens the water and soil conservation capabilities of terraces. This model exhibits the potential to substantially reduce the carbon sequestration costs associated with ERW. The preliminary estimation indicates an annual carbon sequestration potential ranging from 398 million to 6.368 billion tons within China (conservative to optimistic estimates). The conservative estimation corresponds to approximately 48% of the current sink capacity of forest ecosystems, if the technology can be applied on a large scale and improve the carbon sequestration efficiency, the optimistic estimate suggests that it could cover more than 60% of the national annual carbon emissions. This technology can achieve “Treating Carbon with Waste”, providing an innovative solution for land leveling and carbon neutrality. In the future, more field experiments need to be conducted to optimize the implementation process and assess the long‑term ecological effects. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Optimization of Boundary of a Large Open-Pit Mine Based on Whittle Software ＬＹＵＬｉｎｈｏｎｇ, ＣＨＥＮＹｉ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (3): 10-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.03.002 Abstract （90）      PDF（pc） （2823KB）（125）       Knowledge map    Save In the design process of open-pit mining, reasonable determination of the open-pit mining boundary is a key basic work, which is directly related to the production and operation of the mine. In combination with the specific mine engineering geological conditions, the paper uses the three-dimensional modeling software Surpac to establish the geological model of the deposit. According to the technical parameters of mine mining and beneficiation, combined with the current economic conditions, the paper uses the Whittle software to dynamically optimize the boundary of the open-pit mining of the mine, and finally determines the boundary of the open-pit mining of the mine, providing a strong support for the rational and efficient use of the discovered ore resources of the mine. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Influencing Factors of Employment Competitiveness of Graduates of Higher Vocational Colleges JIANGXiaochuan1a, LIUYang2, LIUCong1b, LONGXiaobo1c HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (2): 21-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.02.004 Abstract （132）      PDF（pc） （1525KB）（117）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the employment market data of a higher vocational college from 2023 to 2024, this paper proposes strategies such as improving personal abilities, adapting to market changes, enhancing social activity skills, seeking policy support, and pursuing flexible employment, and verifies their effectiveness amid economic fluctuations. The study indicates that career planning should consider both industry trends and personal development. Accordingly, it is suggested that higher vocational colleges optimize the employment guidance system and deepen school-enterprise cooperation to comprehensively improve students' employment competitiveness Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Synthetic Process Optimization of 5,6-Dihydropyrrolo [1,2-c] imidazol-5-one as a Key Pharmaceutical Intermediate GONG Xiaoying¹, YIN Yuefan² HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (3): 44-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.03.007 Abstract （68）      PDF（pc） （1033KB）（107）       Knowledge map    Save Orteronel (TAK-700) is a small-molecule CYP17A1 inhibitor and a clinical candidate drug mainly used for the treatment of malignant tumors, including prostate cancer, breast cancer and ovarian cancer, and it is still in the clinical trial stage. 5,6-Dihydropyrrolo[1,2-C]imidazol-5-one is an essential key intermediate for the synthesis of Orteronel. The original synthetic route adopts highly toxic methanesulfonyl chloride and extremely flammable lithium aluminum hydride. These hazardous reagents adversely affect the purity of active pharmaceutical ingredients and bring challenges to the quality control of final products. In this work, an improved synthetic route was designed. Commercially available (1H-imidazol-4-yl) methanol hydrochloride was selected as the starting material. The target intermediate was synthesized through six continuous reaction steps, including trityl protection of imidazole amino group, oxidation of hydroxymethyl group to aldehyde, nucleophilic addition of vinylmagnesium bromide, oxidation of allylic alcohol to ketone, hydrogen bromide addition to carbon-carbon double bond, and alkaline cyclization. The optimized process exhibits mild reaction conditions and moderate total yield. The chemical structures of all synthetic products were fully confirmed by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, mass spectrometry (MS) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Influence of pH on Ammonia Sulfate Crystallization in the Flue Gas Desulfurization Process YUAN Xiaohong¹, ZHAO Weidong¹, WANG Jineng², HUANG Bangfu³ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (3): 27-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.03.004 Abstract （84）      PDF（pc） （1417KB）（106）       Knowledge map    Save Due to numerous impurities carried by sintering flue gas, ammonium sulfate crystallization becomes poor or even fails to occur, which hinders the stable production of the desulfurization system in the new area of Kunming Iron and Steel. To investigate the effect of pH on ammonium sulfate crystallization, NaOH, Ca(OH)₂, Na₂CO₃ and CaCO₃ were adopted to adjust the pH of the first‑effect ammonium sulfate solution, and the influences of pH on crystallization mass and yield‑increase ratio were studied. Sulfuric acid and ammonia water were used to regulate the pH of the second‑effect ammonium sulfate solution, and the effects of pH on crystallization yield, average particle size and coefficient of variation were explored. The results show that when the pH of the first‑effect ammonium sulfate solution is adjusted to approximately 5.25 with NaOH before evaporation, concentration and crystallization, a high ammonium sulfate yield of 63.493 g can be obtained with the minimum NaOH dosage of 0.283 g. The optimal pH for the second‑effect ammonium sulfate solution is 2.5. Under this condition, 61.162 g of ammonium sulfate crystals with large particle size, uniform particle distribution, regular morphology and low impurity content can be obtained, and the crystal morphology is highly consistent with pure ammonium sulfate. These findings can provide a reference for optimizing the crystallization process and increasing the output of ammonium sulfate. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Application of YOLO Detection Algorithm in Industrial Robot Assembly Operations ＬＩＧｕａｎｇｗｅｉａ, ＺＨＯＮＧＺｈｉｘｉａｎｂ, ＷＡＮＧＸｕｃ, ＳＨＩＷｅｉｈｕａａ, ＨＡＮＫｅ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (3): 51-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.03.008 Abstract （75）      PDF（pc） （3207KB）（95）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the Intelligent Inspection and Assembly Workstation Training Platform for Industrial Robots, this paper addresses the challenges of part category and color recognition encountered during the "articulated model" assembly process of industrial robots. Focusing on the innovative application of YOLO algorithm in industrial robotic assembly operations, we conducted high-efficiency and high-precision recognition experiments for component types, colors, and output flange axis angles. The results validate that the YOLO detection algorithm demonstrates extensive application potential in industrial robotic assembly tasks. The recognition outcomes are directly communicated with the industrial robot (ABB IRB 120) through LAN, significantly enhancing assembly efficiency and quality consistency. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on Advanced Arsenic Removal Technology by Internal Electrolytic Oxidation‑Flocculation Precipitation‑Carbon Fiber Adsorption ＺＨＡＮＧＺｈｅｎｈｕａ, ＬＥＩＨｕａｚｈｉ, ＬＩＹｏｎｇｊｉａ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (3): 33-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.03.005 Abstract （72）      PDF（pc） （1087KB）（94）       Knowledge map    Save With the implementation of the Standards for the Discharge of Industrial Pollutants in Tin, Antimony, and Mercury Industries (GB 30770‑2014), stricter requirements have been imposed on arsenic discharge in industrial wastewater (<0.5 mg·L⁻¹), making the development of cost‑effective deep arsenic removal technologies an urgent need for the industry. This study addresses the challenge of deep treatment for slag washing water from a smelting plant (As≈150 mg·L⁻¹, pH 6–7.2) by systematically investigating the arsenic removal efficiency and mechanism of the “internal electrolytic oxidation‑flocculation precipitation‑carbon stone fibre adsorption” combined process. The results show that single internal electrolytic oxidation (iron‑carbon filling, iron‑carbon ratio 3∶1) or lime flocculation precipitation can achieve arsenic removal rates of over 98%, but due to the solubility equilibrium of precipitates such as calcium arsenate, the effluent arsenic concentration remains 1–2 mg·L⁻¹, failing to meet standards consistently. Through process coupling, subsequent treatment with carbon stone fibre materials with high specific surface area and selective adsorption capacity can reduce the final effluent arsenic concentration to 0.309–0.348 mg·L⁻¹, stably meeting national discharge standards. The study further explored the effects of key parameters such as iron‑carbon ratio, pH and reaction time, and verified the regenerability of the carbon stone fibre adsorption material. This process combines the advantages of chemical precipitation and physical adsorption, with a simple workflow and low operating cost, providing a reliable technical pathway for the deep purification and reuse of low‑concentration arsenic‑containing wastewater in the smelting industry. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Review of Pixel Level Infrared and Visible Light Image Fusion Research YANG Guangzhao¹, YANG Qing², PEI Hao², MIAO Yuan¹, XIAO Xuegang¹, SHI Yanwei¹ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (3): 73-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.03.011 Abstract （103）      PDF（pc） （1200KB）（72）       Knowledge map    Save  Infrared images mainly present the temperature distribution or thermal radiation characteristics of objects, while visible light images mainly present visual features such as color, texture, and geometric shape of objects. Image fusion technology extracts the information and significant features of infrared and visible light images, and fuses them to significantly enhance the recognition ability of target objects in complex scenes, and improves the accuracy and efficiency of environmental perception and decision support. Based on the researches of numerous scholars at home and abroad, this article systematically summarizes the theoretical basis, fusion methods, mainstream algorithm performance comparison, key technologies, urgent problems of pixel‑level infrared, visible light fusion through comprehensive research and induction. It shows that deep learning has significant advantages in solving core problems such as feature alignment and detail preservation in pixel‑level image fusion. The future development directions of image fusion technology, such as lightweight models, task adaptation, and cross‑modal fusion, are analyzed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Comparison and Optimization of Fixed‑Bed and Moving‑Bed Adsorption Methods in Lithium Extraction from Salt Lakes FU Yanfei¹, TONG Jinzhou², ZHANG Jinhao¹, DUAN Mingli¹, LU Lu¹, REN Yifei¹ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (3): 39-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.03.006 Abstract （82）      PDF（pc） （1129KB）（69）       Knowledge map    Save This paper focuses on the lithium extraction technology in salt lakes, emphasizes the technical advantages of adsorption method in the treatment of lithium extraction from salt lake with high magnesium‑lithium ratio, compares in detail the structural characteristics and performance differences of three types of adsorbent materials, aluminum‑based, manganese‑based and titanium‑based, and clarifies the dominant position of the aluminum adsorbent in the current industrialized application. At the same time, the study systematically compares the engineering performance of fixed‑bed and moving‑bed adsorption processes from the perspectives of operational efficiency, adsorbent utilization, and economic feasibility. Finally, the tandem synergistic process of fixed‑bed and moving‑bed was designed and validated using an industrial lithium extraction project in a salt lake in Qinghai Province as an example, and the experimental results showed that the coupled system significantly increased the lithium recovery to 91.5%, which provided a new way of thinking for the optimization of the process while realizing the high efficiency of resource utilization. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Analysis of Development of Extended Range Hybrid Electric Vehicle System ZHOU Peng¹, NIU Ziru², WU Xiangji HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (3): 67-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.03.010 Abstract （80）      PDF（pc） （979KB）（64）       Knowledge map    Save  This paper introduces national measures on dealing with the deterioration of the global climate, analyzes the current research status of the Extended Range Hybrid Electric Vehicle domestically and internationally, explains the working principle and operating state mode of the Extended Range Hybrid Electric system (pure electric drive state and engine range‑extender state), and studies the advantages of this system. By proposing the key technologies of the Extended Range Hybrid system (APU module and power battery module), this paper compares and analyzes the Extended Range Hybrid system with pure electric drive vehicles and ordinary hybrid vehicles. It is concluded that the Extended Range Hybrid system can reduce exhaust emissions to the greatest extent and slow down the aging of the power battery. Combined with the actual production and marketing market, the hybrid technology is increasingly favored by car companies and applied in more new models, which makes contributions to the country's energy conservation and emission reduction plans. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Application of AI Large Language Models in Smart Library XU Ren HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (2): 32-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.02.006 Abstract （118）      PDF（pc） （928KB）（59）       Knowledge map    Save With the rapid development of AI technology, especially the emergence of intelligent tools like ChatGPT, the service model of smart libraries has undergone significant transformation. AI large language models have shown great potential in areas such as information retrieval, intelligent recommendation, and automated reference consultation, contributing to the improvement of service quality and user experience. However, in practical applications, several limitations have emerged, including insufficient compatibility with library collection systems, poor human-computer interaction experience, concerns over cost and sustainability, and copyright disputes. In response, this paper proposes a series of targeted, short-term feasible measures aimed at promoting the sustainable development of smart libraries, helping libraries achieve service upgrades and value reconstruction in the AI era. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Innovation and Practice of First-Class Party Building Work Modelin the Context of "High-Level Higher Vocational Colleges" Plan GE Junjie HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (2): 16-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.02.003 Abstract （133）      PDF（pc） （1089KB）（56）       Knowledge map    Save Under the national "High-Level Higher Vocational Colleges" plan, higher vocational institu-tions place great emphasis on the political and practical significance of Party-building guidance. This pa-per takes the Surveying and Mapping Engineering Technology program group at a higher vocational insti-tution as a case study to innovate the Party-building work model. It establishes a "Three-Heart" system-comprising Original Aspiration, Conscience, and Craffsmanship to address the insufficient role of Partymembers and the lack of organizational vitality. A collaborative learning and co-construction platform in-volving government, industry, academia, and enterprises is built to resolve the disconnection betweenParty-building and professional work, as well as to overcome bottlenecks in school-enterprise collaborativeeducation. Furthermore, a "First-Class Party-Building" guidance mechanism is developed to ensure thedeep integration of Party-building with the "High-Level Higher Vocational Colleges" plan. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Attendance Signature System Based on Wireless IoT Technology and Facial Recognition HE Yananᵃ, YUAN Jianmingᵇ, DUO Yunfengᵃ, XIE Xianjieᵃ, HUANG Zhiruiᵃ, SUN Tutuᵃ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (3): 90-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.03.013 Abstract （79）      PDF（pc） （1125KB）（50）       Knowledge map    Save With the rapid development of information technology, traditional classroom check‑in methods are no longer able to meet the needs of modern teaching management. The traditional check‑in methods, such as class monitor roll call, paper check‑in, IC card swiping, etc., have problems of low efficiency, easy cheating, and high cost. To effectively address these issues, this article proposes a classroom check‑in system based on wireless IoT and facial recognition. The system achieves precise, efficient, and anti‑cheating classroom check‑in management by combining LoRa communication technology, iBeacon base station positioning, smartphone terminals, and facial recognition technology. This article provides a detailed introduction to the system's design scheme, implementation process, key technologies, and their application value in educational management. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Homestay Decoration Design Within the Six Senses Theory Framework: A Case Study of "Tongchenyuan" Boutique Homestay in Chengjian ＷＵＧｕａｎｇｌｉ１, ＳＵＮＪｉａｏ２, ＷＵＤａｎ２ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (1): 95-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.01.013 Abstract （123）      PDF（pc） （1664KB）（49）       Knowledge map    Save This paper investigates the application of the Six Senses Theoretical framework in homestay decoration design,taking "Tongchenyuan" boutique homestay in Chengjiang,Yunnan,as a case study.It aims to reveal how a unique accommodation experience is created through deliberate design across the six dimensions-vision,hearing,smell,taste,touch and perception-integrated with local cultural expression and practical optimization,thereby enriching the theoretical system of tourism accommodation design.This study provides a novel theoretical and practical method for homestay decoration design,which helps to promote quality and brand building in the homestay industry and fosters the prosperity and sustainable development of rural tourism. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Implementation Path of "Post Course CompetitionCertificate" Integrated Teaching: Taking the Computer-Aided DesignAutoCAD Course as an Example WU Guangli, ZHAO Xia HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2025, 41 (6): 1-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2025.06.001 Abstract （178）      PDF（pc） （2738KB）（49）       Knowledge map    Save The current situation of slow growth and transformation and upgrading of architectural decora-tion industry requires deepening the reform of vocational education curriculum, improving students' voca-tional skills and comprehensive quality, so as to meet the industry's demand for talents. Through the re-search and practice of the implementation path of the integrated teaching of "Post Course CompetitionCertificate" in AutoCAD course of computer aided design, the training objectives of the course are recon-structed, the curriculum standard system is optimized, the assessment and evaluation methods are im-proved, the competitiveness of students' professional posts is improved, and the needs for students to par-ticipate in vocational skills competition and obtain "1 + X" certificate are met. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design Strategy of Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation Project in Iron and Steel Enterprises Under "Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality" Target ＷＡＮＧＸｉａｏｈｕ, ＤＵＡＮＹｏｕｙａｎ, ＺＨＡＯＣｈｕａｎｍｅｉ, ＤＯＮＧＧｕｉｈｕａ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (3): 60-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.03.009 Abstract （85）      PDF（pc） （2050KB）（46）       Knowledge map    Save  Under the strategic target of "Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality", the iron and steel industry, as a high energy consumption and high carbon emission industry, is facing the dual problems of high cost of purchasing thermal power and low utilization rate of idle space in the plant area. In this paper, the rooftop distributed photovoltaic project of an iron and steel enterprise is taken as the research object, and the solar energy resource assessment, photovoltaic system design, grid‑connected scheme formulation, power generation and emission reduction benefit calculation are systematically carried out. The results show that the project uses 126000 square meters of factory roof, 620 Wp N‑type monocrystalline silicon modules, and the total installed capacity is 11.28 MWp. It is connected to the 10 kV power grid in the plant area through the "self‑generation and self‑use" grid connection mode, with an average annual on‑grid electricity of 13.806 million kWh, which can save 4151.46 t of standard coal and reduce 7469.05 t of CO₂ emissions. This study verifies the feasibility of the combination of idle space in steel plant and distributed photovoltaic, provides a reference technical path for the development of low‑carbon steel industry. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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An Exploration of the Collaborative Path of Research-Oriented Auditing in Empowering Supervision of “High-Level Higher Vocational” Colleges YANG Xiaochenᵃ, LI Aijiaoᵃ, ZHU Yujiaᵇ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (2): 39-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.02.007 Abstract （135）      PDF（pc） （989KB）（46）       Knowledge map    Save Numerous achievements have been made in the research of collaborative paths between research-based auditing and supervision. However, under the context of the “High-Level Higher Vocational” Colleges construction, there is still a gap in applying the concepts of research-based auditing to construct collaborative paths for supervision. This paper focuses on “High-Level Higher Vocational” Colleges, exploring the construction of collaborative paths for research-based auditing to empower supervision, aiming to fill the gap between theory and practice, and providing strong support for the construction of New Double High vocational colleges. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Experiment on Characteristics of the Plastic Zone Under the Condition of Plane Strain in Coarse‑Grained Soil Slope DAI Wenwen, FANG Longjian, YANG Chao, SUN Hao HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (3): 98-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.03.014 Abstract （63）      PDF（pc） （1671KB）（45）       Knowledge map    Save The experimental study focuses on the development of plastic zone in the coarse‑grained soil slope under the limit condition, and the plane strain test with different particle sizes is carried out. The changes of stress and strain in the soil are monitored. The width of the plastic band was measured, and the parameters of the plastic band were studied. The results show that the formation of the plastic band is a gradual process, which takes the occurrence of the strain bifurcation point as the trigger sign and starts before the peak of the stress‑strain curve and forms after the peak. The larger the particle size is, the longer the time required for the trigger is, and the band width increases to varying degrees. At the same time, compared with the traditional limit analysis, the plastic belt has a certain effect on the ultimate load of the slope. And the critical slip surface is located on the plastic belt, which proves the rationality of the position of the slip surface. It shows that there is an important correlation between the stability of the slope and the plastic belt. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research and Application of MTS-MCF-Based Prediction Model for Gold and Silver in Anode Refining JIANG Wenbing, SUN Jia, XU Yue, LIU Cunhu HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (1): 1-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.01.001 Abstract （462）      PDF（pc） （10655KB）（43）       Knowledge map    Save In the anode refining process, accurate prediction of precious metal production is critical for resource recovery and production optimization. To address the issues of multi-source coupling, noise interference and insufficient frequency-domain characteristics in process data, this paper proposes a multi-channel fusion prediction model based on time series correlation and frequency-domain enhancement, termed MTS-MCF. The Pearson correlation coefficient method was used to screen input variables, and a time series correlation network (CorNet) was constructed to achieve dynamic label propagation. The coupling weights of parameters were quantified using a frequency-domain enhanced channel attention mechanism (FECAM), and the network response was optimized with the ELU activation function. Experimental results show that compared with the benchmark models, the proposed model reduces MAE for gold and silver by more than 5.7%, reduces MSE by more than 6.3%, and increases   by more than 6.3%, outperforming mainstream models such as MTS-mixers and providing effective technical support for production control. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Investment Risk Evaluation of Prefabricated Buildings Based on Set‑Pair Analysis ZOU Chaoying¹, ZENG Haijun², ZHOU Lei³, LI Jing¹, TAN Hui¹ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (3): 105-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.03.015 Abstract （72）      PDF（pc） （1032KB）（42）       Knowledge map    Save In order to realize the dynamic analysis and management of prefabricated building investment risk, the risk evaluation index system of prefabricated building investment is constructed from 5 aspects, including policy, market, technology, economy, management and 15 secondary indexes; the weight of each index factor of investment risk is calculated by using interval analytic hierarchy process (IAHP) and five‑element correlation number to analyze the expert scores; the set pair analysis method is applied to the prefabricated building, the full partial correlation coefficients at each level are calculated. A similarity‑dissimilarity‑inverse evaluation model that conforms to the evaluation index system is constructed, and the prefabricated building project in A district of Kunming City, Yunnan Province is taken as an example for research. The results show that the overall construction risk of the project is at the level of balance 82, which belongs to the general risk level, consistent with the actual investigation. It concludes that the constructed prefabricated building investment risk assessment model is reliable, and can provide certain reference value for investors to make investment. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Development Context and Research Trends of the InternalQuality Assurance System in Vocational Colleges: A VisualAnalysis Based on CNKI Literature TU Guodong HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (2): 7-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.02.002 Abstract （131）      PDF（pc） （3380KB）（40）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the CNKI database, this study employs bibliometric methods to conduct a systematicand visual analysis of literature on the internal quality assurance systems of vocational colleges. The re-search reveals that educational quality is at the core of vocational education research, with the focus shift-ing from theoretical frameworks to practical applications and effectiveness evaluations, the changingtrends in attention to intemal quality assurance systems in vocational education, as well as the researchoutput driven by policy guidance. It reveals the distribution of academic influence across research institu-tions and their collaboration patterns, and tracks the evolution of research topics, from theoretical frame-works to policy implementation, informatization, and practical applications. The study emphasizes thecritical role of informatization in improving quality management and highlights the need for greater integra-tion of technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence in educational evaluation. The paper dis-cusses the limitations of the study and suggests future research directions, aiming to provide theoreticalsupport and ideas for improving the construction of quality assurance systems in vocational education. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design and Compilation of Township-Level Atlas: A CaseStudy of Mohan Town RAN Lei, HOU Zhiqun, HUANG Kefeng, YANG Mingxing, ZHANG Weihong, YANG Chun HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (1): 38-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.01.005 Abstract （154）      PDF（pc） （2848KB）（40）       Knowledge map    Save To fill the gap in township level atlas and to extend surveying, mapping and geographic infor-mation services and applications to rural areas and towns, this study takes the Mohan Town Atlas as anexample. It presents the design process and technical characteristics of the atlas, using cartographic lan-guage to comprehensively show case Mohan's unique advantages in social, economic, cultural, locationalaspects. The atlas provides first-hand surveying and mapping data, solves the problem of missing townlevel atlases, and provides reference base maps for local development planning. This study explores andsummarizes the technical processes and improvement strategies for compiling township-level atlases, pro-viding a reference for the efficient and high-quality production of similar atlases. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Practical Exploration of Skill Master Studios in HigherVocational Undergraduate Teaching HUANG Wenhui, LI Lan HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2025, 41 (6): 12-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2025.06003 Abstract （153）      PDF（pc） （1112KB）（37）       Knowledge map    Save This paper focuses on the practical application of Skill Master Studios (SMS) within the con-text of higher vocational undergraduate education. Using the Chain Operation and Management major asa case study, it begins with an analysis of the background and significance of establishing SMS. It thenprovides a detailed overview of the Studio's establishment process, organizational structure, and opera-tional models, emphasizing their critical importance within higher vocational undergraduate education.In view of the distinctive characteristics of higher vocational undergraduate teaching, the paper exploresstrategies to closely integrate the Studios with teaching and develops models for combining SMS activitieswith internships and practical training. Finally, it identifies the major challenges that SMS must addressin higher vocational undergraduate education and proposes corresponding solutions and suggestions, ai-ming to provide valuable reference material for the reform and development of vocational education inChina. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis on Location Selection of Roof Roadway for Upward Miningin Large Mining Height Mine LIU Cong, LONG Xiaobo, HAO Yanhong, KE Rui, LU Yifan HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (1): 29-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-4979.2026.01.004 Abstract （144）      PDF（pc） （2880KB）（36）       Knowledge map    Save This study takes the north-wing belt transportation roadway of No. 8 coal mine as the engineer-ing context. The key stratum theory is applied to determine the fracture spacing of overlying strata and theheights of the three zonesin upward mining. FLAC3D numerical simulation software is used to analyze themovement law of overlying strata at different mining heights. Orthogonal experiments are conducted to op-limize roadway location selection. The following conclusions are drawn: 1) Due to the influence of keylayers, the height of the fracture zone increases abruptly with the increase of mining height. Each abruptinerease indicates that a key stratum has fractured and formed a voussoir beam structure. 2) The plasticzone of the working face exhibits a saddle-shape distribution (high at both ends and low in the middle).As mining height increases, the difference between the plastic zone above the mining boundary and thatin the middle decreases. The advance stress concentration coefficient and lateral stress concentration coef-ficient increase linearly with mining height, and their peak positions move farther away. 3) The influencing factors, in descending order of weight, are normal distance, horizontal distance, and mining height.The optimal roadway location is at a mining height of 2 meters, with a normal distance of 140 meters fromthe mining face and a horizontal distance exceeding 20 meters from the mining site boundary. Anormaldistance of 60 meters and a horizontal distance of 20 ~ 40 meters define a stress concentration zone,which is unsuitable for roadway placement. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Digital Transformation Path and Development Effectiveness ofIndustries in Rural Areas Inhabited by Ethnic Minorities: TakingA Township in F County, Yunnan Province as an Example LIU Xubiao1, ZHAO Zhenfeng1.2, WAN Xuewei2 HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (2): 1-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.02.001 Abstract （89）      PDF（pc） （1028KB）（35）       Knowledge map    Save The digital transformation of rural industries serves as a crucial engine for industrial revitaliza-tion. Taking A Township in F County, Yunnan Province, as a case study, this paper analyzes the chal-lenges and pain points of industrial digitalization in ethnic minority areas and explores its development ad-vantages. By leveraging Internet and digital technologies, it constructs an industrial big data platform, asmart management platform, and a local talent cultivation platform to achieve refined industrial manage-ment. Through the integration of industry stakeholders and market-oriented supply-demand alignment, theapproach protects farmers' interests, enhances their income, and promotes the development of industriestoward scale, digitalization, and standardization. Based on this analysis, the paper proposes planningstrategies for the digital transformation of industries in ethnic minority regions, providing a reference forrural industrial revitalization. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Bayesian Estimation of Skew‑Normal Spatial Autoregressive Models Based on Machine Learning Interpolation YANG Yanᵃ, ZHONG Mengyuanᵃ, SHEN Xuzhuᵃ, WANG Minᵇ, LI Lipingᵃ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (3): 81-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.03.012 Abstract （72）      PDF（pc） （1062KB）（35）       Knowledge map    Save  In the process of data collection, data are often missing due to the influence of various factors such as data privacy, human negligence, process defects, etc., which can increase the complexity of the analysis, resulting in systematic bias or even erroneous statistical inference. The treatment of missing data is therefore essential. The intrinsic mechanisms of the system dictate that most real data distributions exhibit skewed distributions rather than strictly normal distributions. In this paper, for random‑missing Skew‑Normal spatial data, the effects of sample size and missing rate variation on the accuracy of six interpolation methods, namely, random interpolation, mean value interpolation, support vector machine, decision tree, random forest, and BP neural network, are explored and quantitatively evaluated using MSE and MAE. For the interpolated dataset, a Skew‑Normal Spatial Autoregressive Model is built to estimate the Bayesian parameters using the MCMC algorithm. The results of simulation studies and example analysis show that support vector machines and random forests have better fitting ability and robustness to missing spatial skewed data, and the resulting Bayesian parameter estimates are more accurate. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Development and Implementation of School-Based Professional Teaching Standards for Serving Regional Economic Development and Industrial Transformation and Upgrading ＭＡＪｕａｎ, ＰＡＮＰｉｎｇ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (3): 113-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.03.016 Abstract （81）      PDF（pc） （1447KB）（33）       Knowledge map    Save The school‑based professional teaching standards are the upper‑level guiding documents that reflect the school's operation positioning and talent cultivation. They serve as a working guide for formulating talent training plans and guiding the implementation of teaching. Taking the geomatics major as an example, this paper systematically elaborates on the key points, paths and methods of developing the school‑based professional teaching standards under the background of regional economic development and industrial transformation and upgrading. It also provides detailed explanations on how to match a corresponding standard system, teaching team and teaching condition based on the professional curriculum system in the practical process. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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ＥｘｐｌｏｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆＣｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍ ＲｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｉｎＢｕｉｌｄｉｎｇＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｓＣｏｕｒｓｅ#br# ａｔａＨｉｇｈＬｅｖｅｌＨｉｇｈｅｒＶｏｃａｔｉｏｎａｌＣｏｌｌｅｇｅ：ＡＣａｓｅ ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅＰｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓａｎｄＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆＣｏｎｃｒｅｔ#br# ＬＩＪｉｎｇ１, ＺＯＵＣｈａｏｙｉｎｇ１, ＴＡＮＨｕｉ１, ＬＩＨｕａ１, ＬＩＣｈｅｎｇｌｉａｏ２, ＧＵＯＹｕｆｅｎｇ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (1): 118-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.01.017 Abstract （130）      PDF（pc） （8632KB）（32）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract:The "Building Materials" course serves as a foundational course for the Construction Engineering Technology major.However,its traditional teaching mode suffers from issues such as overly simplistic teaching evaluation and a disconnection between course content and actual job workflows.To enhance the innovation and effectiveness of classroom teaching reform,the teaching team utilized a dual-support system of school-enterprise collaboration,guiding instruction through authentic job workflows of quality inspectors,material supervisors,construction technicians,and testing personnel.By implementing a three-stage pedagogical framework—"Exploration & Acquisition" before class to build foundational knowledge,"Knowledge & Practice" during class to cultivate technical skills and professional standards,and "Application & Expansion" after class to reinforce practical mastery—the team established a classroom model embodying the principle that "knowledge is the precursor to action,and action is the fulfillment of knowledge".This paper aims to propose a systematic reform design for the "Building Materials"course within the contest of "High-Level Higher Vocational Colleges" Project,covering four aspects:teaching content,teaching objectives,teaching strategies,and teaching evaluation.Taking the properties and applications of concrete as an example,this study conducts an in-depth exploration.Using the concrete properties and applications module as an empirical case,this study validates the model’s effectiveness in enhancing teaching efficacy and facilitating the integration of occupational standards into curriculum design,thereby providing a replicable practical paradigm for reforming similar course. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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ＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔＳｔａｔｕｓｏｆＧｒｅｅｎＭｉｎｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａＵｎｄｅｒｔｈｅ#br# ＣａｒｂｏｎＰｅａｋａｎｄＣａｒｂｏｎＮｅｕｔｒａｌｉｔｙＯｐｐｏｒｔｕｎｉｔｉ#br# ＹＡＮＧＺｈｉｈｏｎｇ１, ＬＩＹｏｎｇｊｉａ１, ＹＥＦｕ２, ＺＨＡＮＧＪｉｎｌｉａｎｇ１、２ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (1): 17-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.01.003 Abstract （160）      PDF（pc） （1278KB）（30）       Knowledge map    Save Against the strategic backdrop of advancing both the "carbon peak and carbon neutrality" goals and ecological civilization construction, the mining industry as a high-energy-consumption and high-emission sector must undergo a low-carbon transformation that is crucial to achieving the dual carbon targets. This study systematically analyzes the current status and evolutionary context of green mine construction in China, exploring pathways for deep decarbonization of the mining industry. Through policy text analysis and typical case studies, it reviews the development of the green mine standard system and constructs a full-chain carbon footprint accounting model covering the "exploration-mining-processing-restoration" lifecycle using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. The research innovatively proposes a three-dimensional collaborative technical framework of "resources-energy-carbon sink", integrates new quality productivity elements such as intelligent sorting and digital twins, and designs an integrated transformation model comprising "green mining+clean energy substitution+carbon capture, utilization, and storage". TheResults show that: 1) China has initially established a multi-level green mine policy system, but regional economic development imbalances lead to significant differences in implementation outcomes, restricting the carbon peak process; 2) clean energy substitution (e.g., photovoltaic, green hydrogen) and solid waste recycling can reduce the mine carbon emission intensity by more than 30%, serving as core decarbonization pathways before carbon neutrality; 3) as a key support for deep decarbonization, CCUS technology currently faces bottlenecks of high costs and insufficient large-scale deployment, which need to be overcome through green hydrogen coupling and carbon market linkage mechanisms. Based on these findings, the study suggests improving national standards for carbon footprint accounting, establishing a fiscal-carbon market linkage mechanism for CCUS, and accelerating the deep integration of intelligent technologies with mining scenarios, thereby building a new green mine development paradigm driven by "policy guidance, technology impetus, and market regulation". The research results not only provide technical support and institutional guarantees for China's mining industry to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality, but also offer a Chinese solution for the global low-carbon transformation of the mining industry. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Fault Feature Extraction of Planetary Gearbox Based on Fusion of VMD and Improved M-SVD ＨＡＯＺｈｏｎｇｂｏ１, ＹＥＮｉｎｇ２, ＨＡＯＸｉｎｙｕ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (1): 43-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.01.006 Abstract （144）      PDF（pc） （2563KB）（28）       Knowledge map    Save To address the difficulty in effectively separating fault components from noise components during the extraction of weak pitting fault features of planetary gearboxes, which leads to insufficient suppression of noise burrs and incomplete preservation of fault feature information, a feature extraction method combining Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and improved Multiscale Singular Value Decomposition (M-SVD) is proposed. Firstly, an objective function based on minimum envelope entropy is constructed, and a VMD signal decomposition method incorporating Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) is proposed to achieve adaptive decomposition of the original signal. Secondly, the square envelope spectrum kurtosis is selected as an indicator to screen and reconstruct the VMD decomposition components, thereby removing most of the noise burrs from the original signal. Then, considering the sensitivity of the mean to the overall trend variation of vibration signals, a signal processing method based on improved M-SVD isdesigned by combining the mean singular value with sample entropy. Finally, envelope demodulation is performed on the signal processed by improved M-SVD to extract the weak fault features of the planetary gearbox. Using SNR and RMSE as quantitative metrics, the proposed method is compared with the standalone SSA-VMD, the improved M-SVD, and the original M-SVD methods in pitting fault feature extraction experiments. The proposed method effectively suppresses noise components while maximizing the retention of fault feature information. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Comparative Analysis of Conservation Effectiveness of Nature Reserves in Yunnan Province Based on NDVI/EVI ＱＩＵＣｈｅｎｇ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (1): 100-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.01.014 Abstract （172）      PDF（pc） （3164KB）（28）       Knowledge map    Save Using the univariate linear trend method and buffer analysis,this study analyzed the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)and enhanced vegetation index(EVI)in nature reserves in Yunnan Province.The differences in the conservation effectiveness evaluation results based on NDVI versus EVI were compared.The results showed that from 2000 to 2023,the NDVI/EVI indices of most nature reserves in Yunnan Province exhibited significant or highly significant growth.NDVI showed minor fluctuations,EVI exhibited more pronounced fluctuations.On the one hand,this indicates improving vegetation growth and effective conservation in Yunnan’s nature reserves.On the other hand,it shows that vegetation ecological stability characterized by NDVI is more stable than that characterized by EVI.Certain differences exist in the conservation effectiveness results for some nature reserves based on the two vegetation indices.From the perspective of NDVI/EVI change trends,nature reserves in Yunnan Province exhibit pronounced spatial heterogeneity and clustering.conservation effectiveness is better in the eastern, western, and southwestern parts of Yunnan. However, in northwest Yunnan, the number (and area) of nature reserves with poor conservation effectiveness identified by EVI is significantly larger than that identified by NDVI Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Construction of BIM Application Evaluation System for Construction Projects: A Grounded Theory Analysis of National, Provincial and Municipal Policy Texts ＺＨＥＮＧＹｏｎｇｈｏｎｇ１ａ, ＬＩＴｏｎｇ２, ＦＵＷａｎｑｉａｎ１ｂ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (1): 80-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.01.011 Abstract （124）      PDF（pc） （1181KB）（27）       Knowledge map    Save BIM technology plays an important role in the digital transformation and development of the construction industry. In order to better guide BIM application in construction projects, increase stakeholder engagement, and ensure that BIM technology effectively serves engineering construction, this study employs Nvivo software and adopts a grounded theory method. Using 45 national, provincial and municipal BIM application guidance documents and related policy documents as data sources, the study constructs an evaluation system for BIM application in construction projects from a theoretical perspective through open coding, axial coding, selective coding and theoretical saturation testing. The evaluation system systematically evaluates the BIM application in construction projects across three dimensions: BIM application technology foundation, application mechanism, and application depth. Incorporating 14 secondary indicators, the system enables project participants to evaluate their BIM application capabilities during project implementation, thereby facilitating continuous improvement of BIM application levels and promoting the digital transformation of China’s construction industry. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Efficient Synchronous Leaching of Ga, Ge and In from Zinc Smelting Electric Furnace Slag ＹＡＮＧＺｈｉｈｏｎｇ１, ＬＩＹｏｎｇｊｉａ１, ＹＥＦｕ２, ＺＨＡＮＧＪｉｎｌｉａｎｇ１、２ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (1): 10-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.01.002 Abstract （292）      PDF（pc） （1436KB）（26）       Knowledge map    Save Gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), and indium (In) are rare dispersed strategic metal elements that are difficult to extract due to their lack of independent mineral deposits and low natural abundance. However, because of their affinities for iron and sulfur, Ga, Ge, and In are commonly associated with sphalerite and other sulfide minerals. During pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical zinc processing, trace amounts of these elements become enriched and remain in the slag. In this study, zinc electric furnace slag with relatively high contents of Ga, Ge, and In was used as the raw material. The leaching behavior of Ga, Ge, and In was investigated under various leaching systems (sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid systems) by examining the effects of temperature, acid concentration, oxidant type, and oxidant dosage. The results showed that Ga, Ge, and In achieved leaching rates of 97.51%, 94.58%, and 98.73%, respectively, in the optimized two-stage hydrochloric acid oxidation leaching process. Furthermore, XRD and SEM analyses revealed that the high lead content in the raw material led to the formation of insoluble lead sulfate in the sulfuric acid system, which encapsulated the particles and inhibited the leaching of Ga, Ge, and In. In contrast, in the hydrochloric acid system, lead chloride forms coordination complex reactions, which redissolve the precipitated lead chloride. This effect effectively eliminates the particle encapsulation barrier and realizes the efficient and synchronous leaching of Ga, Ge, and In, providing a feasible technical route for the extraction and utilization of scattered metals.der complexation, leading to the dissolution of lead species and effectively preventing encapsulation. As a result, efficient and simultaneous leaching of Ga, Ge, and In was achieved, providing a promising approach for the extraction of these strategic metals from zinc smelting residue Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Construction of an S7 Series PLC Monitoring System Based on WEB Serve ＺＨＡＮＧＦａｎａ, ＴＡＯＭｉｎｂ, ＷＡＮＧＮａｂ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (1): 54-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.01.007 Abstract （181）      PDF（pc） （5013KB）（25）       Knowledge map    Save  In this paper, Siemens S7‑1500/1200 PLCs are used to build a remote diagnostic testing system for intermittent faults. The WEB server functionality of the PLC is employed to achieve diagnosis and remote monitoring of short‑term intermittent faults in modern intelligent manufacturing control systems. The system enables on‑site engineering technicians to remotely monitor the overall status of electromechanical equipment faults via the Internet, and to conveniently receive the remote push notifications of fault information and view detailed fault data using a mobile phone or tablet. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Modular Programming Design for Single‑Bus Multi‑Channel Temperature Measurement and Control System ＹＡＮＧＹｕ１, ＴＡＮＫｅ２, ＺＨＡＯＣｈａｎｇｍｅｉ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (1): 62-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.01.008 Abstract （128）      PDF（pc） （1211KB）（25）       Knowledge map    Save  The programming methods for microcontrollers can be divided into linear programming and modular programming. Linear programming is a more traditional approach characterized by simple program structure and a strong focus on procedural flow. However, it often results in a bloated main program, disorganized functional logic, and poor readability and maintainability of the code. Modular programming emphasizes functional independence and modular invocation, featuring clear program structure as well as improved code maintainability and reusability. In multi-channel temperature control system based on MCU, modular programming can be applied to functional modules such as temperature detection, temperature display, and time-delay operations. This approach ensures that each functional module maintains its operational independence while retaining connectivity with other functions, thereby resulting in a more systematic and rational program design. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preparation of Aggregates from Manganese Tailings Slag and Its Effect on Concrete Property ＸＵＸｉｎｇｗｅｉ１, ２, ＷＡＮＧＺｈｉｂｉｎ１, ２, ＭＡＨｏｎｇｂｉａｏ２, ３, ＬＩＧｕｏｆａｎｇ１, ２ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (1): 67-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.01.009 Abstract （109）      PDF（pc） （1250KB）（25）       Knowledge map    Save To improve the comprehensive utilization rate of manganese tailings and reduce environmental pollution, this study used manganese tailings as raw materials to produce building aggregates through mechanical modification, and C20, C25 and C30 concretes were prepared by fully replacing natural aggregates. The feasibility of manganese tailings concrete (MC concrete) was investigated through mix design, performance testing, and heavy metal leaching toxicity analysis. The experimental results show that: 1) The manganese tailings slag aggregate complies with the Class III requirements of GB/T14684—2022 and GB/T14685—2022. 2) Under full aggregate replacement, the workability of MC is comparable to that of natural aggregate concrete, and its 28-day compressive strength reaches 43.62 MPa. Moreover, it effectively immobilizes heavy metals, resulting in low leaching and minimal environmental impact. 3) Through this approach, critical issues associated with industrial waste disposal and natural resource exploitation can be addressed. The overall cost is reduced by 40%～50%, and the exploitation of natural resources is correspondingly reduced, contributing to the green, environmentally friendly, and economically sustainable development strategy of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality". Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Pilot-Scale Study of Combined Anaerobic-Aerobic and Flocculation Process for Treating Dyeing Wastewater ＣＨＥＮＧＹｏｎｇｗｅｉ, ＰＥＮＧＹｉ, ＰＡＮＪｉｅ, ＲＥＮＹｏｕｃｈａｎｇ, ＲＵＡＮＨａｏｙｉ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (1): 108-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.01.015 Abstract （154）      PDF（pc） （1077KB）（25）       Knowledge map    Save The characteristics of dyeing and printing wastewater include large water volume,significant fluctuation of water quality,high content of organic pollutants,deep color,and large pH fluctuations,which makes it one of the most difficult industrial wastewater to treat.Currently,the main methods for treating such wastewater are biological treatment,membrane separation,and chemical oxidation.However,these methods are often limited by poor biodegradability,high cost,and ineffective color removal.This experiment aimed to treat dyeing and printing wastewater discharged from a large dyeing and printing company by culturing and acclimating microorganisms.A combined process consisting of anaerobic,aerobic,and flocculation steps was used to degrade PVA-type pollutants in the wastewater.Throughout the process,the water quality of each treatment unit was continuously monitored to evaluate the biodegradability(BOD₅/COD ratio)of the dyeing wastewater and to determine the optimal process route.This provides a technical basis and reference for the promotion and application of the technology in industrial settings. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preparation of UiO-66-NH₂ and Its Oxidative Desulfurization Performance#br# ＮＩＮＧＭｅｎｃｕｉａ, ＱＩＵＦａｌｉ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (1): 114-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.01.016 Abstract （158）      PDF（pc） （1167KB）（23）       Knowledge map    Save To overcome the high energy consumption and stringent conditions associated with conventional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) techniques, a novel oxidation desulfurization (ODS) method based on the metal-organic framework material UiO-66-NH₂ was investigated. This method employs dibenzothiophene (DBT) as a model sulfide, H₂O₂ as a green oxidant, and methanol as an extractant to achieve efficient desulfurization under mild conditions. The UiO-66-NH₂ catalyst, featuring high crystallinity and regular polyhedral morphology, was successfully synthesized via a solvothermal approach. Experimental studies investigated the effects of catalyst loading, reaction temperature, oxygen-to-sulfur ratio (O/S), and reaction time on desulfurization efficiency. Results indicate that under optimal conditions: 0.1 g catalyst loading, 60 ℃ reaction temperature, an O/S molar ratio of 4, and 180 min reaction time, DBT desulfurization exceeds 99%. The synergistic action of amino functional groups and Zr-oxo clusters promotes H₂O₂ activation to generate hydroxyl radicals (·OH). Concurrently, the material’s porous structure enhances the synergistic effects of sulfide adsorption and oxidation. This process offers advantages such as mild reaction conditions, elimination of hydrogen requirement, and environmental friendliness, providing an efficient, low-energy-consumption green pathway for achieving deep fuel desulfurization. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of Recycled Aggregate Replacement Ratio on Properties of Pervious Concrete ＨＡＮＣｈａｎｇｊｕ, ＬＩＷｅｉ, ＣＨＥＮＫｅｙ HPMug2oMmNrOfxWQHLiEksa6s0hFu9Ox348d7QefarYlaFR5ArkhOwm3Da1pmxmxCtenj1+6luWD#r#n+EPn9L6Ce+9onqnMlT+i    2026, 42 (1): 74-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2026.01.010 Abstract （108）      PDF（pc） （1445KB）（19）       Knowledge map    Save Recycled coarse aggregate was produced from crushed and sieved waste concrete blocks, and its physical properties were tested. The recycled aggregate was blended with natural aggregate at different ratios, and pervious concrete specimens were prepared using P·O 42.5 cement, polycarboxylic high-performance water-reducing admixture, and a mineral enhancer. By investigating the effect of different mixing recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratios on the mechanical and permeability properties of pervious concrete, it was found that as the replacement ratio increased, the mechanical properties showed a gradual downward trend, while the effective porosity and permeability coefficient show an upward trend. Regression analysis indicates that the effective porosity and the compressive strength, as well as the permeability coefficient and compressive strength, exhibit a quadratic relationship, while the effective porosity and permeability coefficient are linearly correlated. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）