Table of Content

07 June 2025, Volume 41 Issue 3

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Research on the Construction of Intelligent Mining Planning TechnologySystem for Mines Based on 3DMine + Self Developed Tools + SuperMap

ZHANG Yiding', ZHAO Xin', FU Wanqian’, HUANG Xuelin', ZHANG Libing', BAl Junwen', YANG Wen', Ll Nianrong', YANG Shuowen', ZHENG Yongxin'

2025, 41(3):  1.  doi:１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００９－０４７９．２０２５．０３．００１

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The concept of “ green sand and gravel, smart mining” has accelerated the nationwide devel-opment of the sand and gravel industry towards scaling and industrialization. Based on the constructionstandards and requirements for the “ green sand and gravel, smart mine” at Chengxi Stone Quarry in Hua-shan Town, Huadu District, Guangzhou City, this study focuses on building a new intelligent miningplanning technology system for green mines. The technology route is based on 3DMine, self-developedtools, and SuperMlap. On the foundation of using 3DMine for constructing sand and gravel mine models,self-developed tools were used to automate the analysis and generation of mining and stripping plans. Finally, using the B/S architecture, SuperMlap was applied to construct and display a digital twin of the in-telligent mining planning results. Through practical verification in the smart mining project of the granitemine for construction in Chengxi Stone Quarry, Huashan Town, Huadu District, Guangzhou City, the in-telligent mining planning technology system based on 3DMine, self-developed tools, and SuperMap isfound to be compatible with the new green sand and gravel industry structure. It demonstrates high engineering implementation value and feasibility, providing new solutions and reference directions for othermining enterprises in the field of intelligent mining planning.

Analysis of the Deformation and Failure Mechanism of HighSteep Slope Under Repeated Mining of Coal Seam

MAO Chaoxun, CHEN Bin, YAO Xiwei

2025, 41(3):  6.  doi:１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００９－０４７９．２０２５．０３．００２

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The repeated mining of coal seam controls the deformation and failure characteristics of highand steep slopes and directly affects the overall stability of high and steep slopes. In order to deeply studythe influence of high and steep slope on slope defomation under repeated mining action of coal seam,taking Panzhihua Coal Mine in Shuicheng County, Guizhou Province as the engineering background.based on site investigation, combined with UAV photos and engineering geological means, FLAC softwarewas used to study the deformation process of high and steep slope induced by repeated mining of coalseam. The results show that the local collapse of the slope occurs due to the influence of topography andrepeated mining of coal seam, and the deformation failure mode is as follows : slope subsidence-pull frac.ture stage -> slope fracture through-collapse stage. Under the infuence of slope in the coal seam repeat.ed mining and mined-out area at the top of the rock mass downward bending deformation, graduallyformed fracture belt , eventually cave, at the top of the mined-out area as cave rock mass unloading, ver.tical stress decreases, the roof on both ends of caved in unloading arch, and to spread out on both ends.and appear stress concentration phenomenon. With the increase of mining layers, the overall stable stateof high and steep slope develops from stable to less stable state. It can be seen that the repeated mining ofcoal seam has great influence on the stability of high and steep slope.

Research on the Stability of Open-Pit Mine SlopesBased on FLAC?" and Geo-Slope

WEN Yiming', FU Xuehui , ZHAO Renshan?, CHENG Yong'WANG Falong’, LlU Zhangzhen’, LU Ping'b

2025, 41(3):  13.  doi:１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００９－０４７９．２０２５．０３．００３

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The bench slope angle is a eritical structural parameter in the mining of open-pit limestonemines , significantly affecting the mine's safety, stability, and economie benefits. In this study, based onthe new Hoek-Brown strength criterion , the mechanical parameters of the slope were determined as therecommended values for the stability caleulation of the slope rock mass in the open-pit mine. The stabilityof the final end-limit slope was analyzed using FLAc? and Geo-slope software. A comparison and analy.sis of the stability results from the two simulations were performed. Furthermore, considering the lime.stone geological context of the study area, it was ultimately concluded that the final slope angle of theopen-pit bench should be controlled to within 49°, the final bench slope angle should be 65°, the work-ing bench slope angle should be 75°, and the bench height should be 10 meters. The research resultsshowed that the safety factor ( F、) for all open-pit bench slope profiles was greater than 1. 15 , thus meeting the safety grade requirements for Grade lll slope engineering and providing a solid seientific basis andassurance for the safe operation of the mine.

Experimental Study on Mineral Processing of a Medium-GradePhosphate Rock in Yunnan Province

LI Fenrui°. PENG Fenlan'

2025, 41(3):  23.  doi:１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００９－０４７９．２０２５．０３．００４

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 Yunnan is rich in phosphate resources, mainly dominated by medium-low grade carbonatephosphate rock , for which experiments have proved that flotation is the most suitable separation methodThis paper focuses on a medium-grade carbonate phosphate rock ore from a certain phosphate mine inYunnan, with a P,O, grade of 25.15% and a MgO grade of 6.10%. A single reverse flotation processconsisting of one roughing and one scavenging stage was adopted , using a full sulfate中oer and phosphate mineral inhibitor, with the optimal grinding fineness of -0.074 mu at o..v7, +wfatty acid soap as a collector, the carbonate ( Mg0) impurity is removed, and the useful phosphate min.erals are concentrated. The concentrate indexes of phosphorus concentrate P,0,>33. 0% , MgO<1. 2%and recovery rate greater than 90.0%6 can be obtained through single reverse flotation closed circuitprocess under normal temperature test conditions, which provides a strong basis for the comprehensive u-ilization of this mine.

Industrial Study on the Reduction Roasting of a Low-Grade Lead-ZincOxide Mine in Yunnan Province Using a Rotary Kiln

YANG Zhihong', ZENG Peng’, Ll Yongjia', ZHANG Jinliang

2025, 41(3):  28.  doi:１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００９－０４７９．２０２５．０３．００５

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'The existing lead-zinc oxide mines in a certain place are characterized by large reserves , lowgrades, complex mineral compositions , and difieulty in exerting economic benelits. To study the reduc-tion and volatilization laws of low-grade zinc oxide ores, the chemical compositions, occurrence states,.and miero-morphologies of raw materials and produets were analyzed one by one, and the thermodynamicbehavior of the reduction roasting process was discussed. The production process flow of ore blending( adding 2596 reduction coal ) , granulation, drying, reduction roasting, and water quenching was deter-mined through experimental exploration. The Zn vapor volatilized during the reduction roasting processwas cooled and collected in the dust, among which the boiler dust contained an average of 29. 49% 2n,the surface-cooled dust contained an average of 42. 94%6 Zn, and the bag dust contained an average of60. 93%6 Zn. XRD was used to conduet comparative analysis on raw materials and slag, and the resultsshowed that the phases of Zn and Pb in the slag disappeared, indicating that the rotary kiln reductionroasting process can elfeetively volatilize Zn and Pb elements from the raw materials. Through materialbalance calculations, it was found that the total recovery rate of Zn reached 97. 18%6 and the reeoveryrate of Ph reached 96. 30%6 during the industrial experiment of rotary kiln reduction roasting, efficientlyachieving the effective utilization of secondary resources.

Effects of BDS-3 IGSO Satellites on Tropospheric Parameter Estimation

LONG Fengjie

2025, 41(3):  35.  doi:１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００９－０４７９．２０２５．０３．００６

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 Inclined geosynchronous orbit ( IGS0 ) satellite is one of the important components of BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System ( BDS-3 ), with strong signal resistance and occlusion ability, especially inlow latitudes , its performance advantages are obvious. To study the influence of IGS0 satellites on tropospheric parameter estimation, firstly, six MGEX (multi-GNSS experiment) tracking stations in the Asia-Pacific region were selected. Secondly, GAMIT10.71 was used to study the effects of different elevationmask angle ( EMA) at low levels of solar activity and the estimation of tropospheric parameters of IGSOsatellites at high levels of solar activity. Finally, it is divided based on different solar activity levels andEMAs, and its causes are discussed. The experimental results show that when the solar activity level islow and the EMA range is within 10°, the IGS0 satellite has the greatest influence of zenith wet delay(ZWD), precipitable water (PW), north-south gradient ( NS) and east-west gradient (Ew ), re-spectively 20. 70 mm, 3. 35 mm, 30. 12 mm and 31.89 mm; When EMAs range from 10 ~20°, the im-pact of lGS0 satellites on tropospheric estimation is positively correlated with EMA. At high levels of so-lar activity and an EMA of 10°, IGS0 satellites have a greater impact on the estimation of troposphericparameters, with the maximum influence of tropospheric ZWD, Pw, NS.. and EW reaching38.60 mm, 6. 23 mm, 53. 57 mm and 53. 20 mm, respectively. The experimental results further showthat the influence of the lGS0 satellite on the estimation of tropospheric parameters at night is much high-er than during the day, and the effect is higher at low latitudes than in high latitudes.

Optimization of Fermentation Process and Antioxidant Activity ofPolysaccharides from Stems and Leaves of Polygonatum Kingianum

YAO Bo, GUO Yin, WANG Peng

2025, 41(3):  44.  doi:１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００９－０４７９．２０２５．０３．００７

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Polygonum kingianum from Yunnan were used as raw materials, and composite probiotics wereapplied as fermentation strains. The ratio of material to liquid, inoculation amount, fermentation temperature , and fermentation time were selected as the influencing factors, with polysaccharide yield as the mainindicator. The fermentation process for polysaccharide production was optimized through single-factor experiments and response surface methodology. The antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated bmeasuring their ability to scavenge DPPH and hydroxyl radicals. The results showed that the optimal fermentation conditions for polysaccharides were: material-to-liquid ratio of 1:50, inoculation amount of 4%fermentation temperature of 36 9C , and fermentation time of 25 hours. Under these conditions. the yield ofpolysaccharides was 23. 46%6 . The scavenging elfect of the polysaccharides on DPPH and hydroxyl free rad.icals was positively correlated with concentration, with ICs, values for DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging being 4. 29 mg/ml, and 2. 68 mg/mL., respectively. The findings indicate that fermentation significant.ly increased the polysaccharide content ( mass concentration) in the stems and leaves of Polygonatum king.ianum , and the fermentation products exhibited strong free radical scavenging activity.

Adsorption Studies of Ni?+by Succinic Anhydride AcylatedChitosan Cross-Linked Microspheres

NING Mencui, REN Youchang, SONG Yu

2025, 41(3):  51.  doi:１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００９－０４７９．２０２５．０３．００８

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 Chitosan exhibits chelating and adsorption properties for many substances. Through chemicalmodification , various functional groups can be introduced into chitosan molecules, resulting in chitosanderivatives with different properties , thereby broadening the scope of its applications. In this study, acy-lated chitosan cross-linked microspheres were prepared to investigate their adsorption properties for Ni? +Scanning electron microscopy ( SEM) images indicate that the acylated chitosan microspheres have awell-formed spherical structure. The results of the adsorption experiments show that the optimal adsorption of Ni?* occurred under the conditions of pH =7.0 , a contact time of 60 minutes, and an adsorbentdosage of 0. 07 g for a N;?* solution with an initial concentration of 20 mg/L. Thermodynamic studies in-dicate that the adsorption process of Ni?* onto the acylated chitosan cross-linked microspheres is endo-thermic and spontaneous. Kinetic studies reveal that the adsorption process follows a pseudo-second-orderkinetic model ( R’> 0. 99 ). The adsorption process is controlled not only by the physical adsorption ofN;?+ on the internal and external surfaces of the material but also by the chemical adsorption involving ox-ygen-containing functional groups on the surface.

Study on Preparation and Properties of Cement-BasedExposed Pervious Concrete

HAN Changju

2025, 41(3):  57.  doi:１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００９－０４７９．２０２５．０３．００９

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The exposedpervious concrete were prepared by means of the following materials: P. 0 42. 5cement, P.S.A 32.5 cement, 10 ~20 mm or 5 ~ 10 mm single-sized gravel, 5 ~20 mm continuous graded gravel, water, water reducer, admixture and reinforcing agent, etc. The performance of the concretewas then studied. The results show that as the aggregate-to-cement ratio increases, the strength of theconcrete decreases and its porosity increases. The concrete mixed with 5 ~ 10 mm gravel exhibits highelstrength than that mixed with 10 ~20 mm gravel. Concrete made with P.0 42. 5 cement has higher porosity than concrete made with P.S.A 32. 5 cement. When the aggregate-to-cement ratio is 2. 76, using5 ~ 20 mm continuously graded gravel and P.S. A 32. 5 cement results in the lowest porosity of perviousconcrete, at only 4.3%.

Study on Preparation and Properties of Cement-BasedExposed Pervious Concrete

HAN Changju

2025, 41(3):  57.  doi:１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００９－０４７９．２０２５．０３．００９

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The exposedpervious concrete were prepared by means of the following materials: P. 0 42. 5cement, P.S.A 32.5 cement, 10 ~20 mm or 5 ~ 10 mm single-sized gravel, 5 ~20 mm continuous graded gravel, water, water reducer, admixture and reinforcing agent, etc. The performance of the concretewas then studied. The results show that as the aggregate-to-cement ratio increases, the strength of theconcrete decreases and its porosity increases. The concrete mixed with 5 ~ 10 mm gravel exhibits highelstrength than that mixed with 10 ~20 mm gravel. Concrete made with P.0 42. 5 cement has higher porosity than concrete made with P.S.A 32. 5 cement. When the aggregate-to-cement ratio is 2. 76, using5 ~ 20 mm continuously graded gravel and P.S. A 32. 5 cement results in the lowest porosity of perviousconcrete, at only 4.3%.

Image Fusion Based on an lmproved Dual-Channel PCNN and NSCT

YANG Qing', YANG Guangzhao

2025, 41(3):  62.  doi:１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００９－０４７９．２０２５．０３．０１０

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An improved dual-channel pulse coupled neural network ( PCNN) is proposed for image fusionto address the challenges of manually setting numerous parameters and processing only one image at a timein traditional PCNN. The enhanced dual-channel model introduces a Gaussian filtering mechanism thatcombines surrounding neurons in a Gaussian distribution , eliminating the need for manually setting synapticweights and link amplification coefficients. Additionally, fractal dimension is used to estimate all other pa-rameters , fully achieving parameter adaptation. As a dual-channel model, it is capable of processing twoimages simultaneously. Two multi-source images are first decomposed into multi-scale representations usingthe non-subsampled contourlet transfom( NSCT ), yielding high-frequeney and low-frequeney sub-bandimages. The high-frequeney sub-bands are fused using the newly proposed improved dual-channel PCNNwhile the low-frequency sub-bands are fiused using an energy-based method. Finally, the fused low-fre.quency and high-frequeney sub-bands are inverse-transformed using NSCT to obtain the final fused image.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method offers significant advantages in terms of both vis.ual quality and objective evaluation metrics.

Video Transmission Technology for Unmanned Scraper LoadersBased on RK3588S and AHD Cameras

YlN Yehua, Ll Yuncai, Ll Ping, XlAO Yanlong

2025, 41(3):  78.  doi:１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００９－０４７９．２０２５．０３．０１２

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 As China's mineral resouree extraction aetivities extend deeper underground, the complex geo.logical stresses and harsh working conditions in deep mines present significant risks to the safety of miners. ln this context, automating and unmanning mining equipment has become a critical approach to improving mine safety and operational efficieney. "he video transmission system for unmanned seraper load.ers typically requires high-elficiency, stable, and low-lateney data transmission solutions to ensure real.time control and monitoring. By integrating autonomous driving technology with remote control methods.a video transmission technology has been developed and applied to the unmanned operation system of un-derground loaders. This research leverages the RK3588S chip and AHD cameras. In mines located onethousand meters below the surface, effcient video transmission technology plays a crucial role in enablingunmanned loaders to automatically load and unload minerals.

Analyzed and Trend of the New Hydraulic Drive Hybrid Vehicles Systems

ZHOU Peng', Ll Huidong', NlU Ziru?, Wu Xiangji

2025, 41(3):  84.  doi:１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００９－０４７９．２０２５．０３．０１３

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The typical hybrid technologies and their limitations in energy conservation and emission re.duction are discussed. The layout scheme of the new hydraulic-drive hybrid vehicle , incorporating theAlMS module, is analyzed. The working principle, applications , and key technologies of the AlMS mod.ule are examined in detail. Additionally , the development trends for the new hydraulic-drive hybrid vehi.ele are proposed , including the optimization of AlMS control strategies , improvements in overall vehiclereliability , and the optimization of vehicle costs and market applications. Long-tem prospects are also explored , such as the intelligent automation of vehicles, environmental frendliness , sustainable develop.ment, and the integration of multiple technologies.

Analysis of the Mechanism of Hierarchical Management in theConstruction Contractors by Repeated Game Theory

ZHANG Feng

2025, 41(3):  88.  doi:１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００９－０４７９．２０２５．０３．０１４

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 Based on repeated game theory, this paper proposes a conceptual model to explain the mechanism of contractor hierarchical management thrugh literature analysis and deductive reasoning , supportedby specific case studies. The research shows that contractor hierarchical management is a method of rela-tional govemanee. This form of governanee provides high-quality contractors with the expectation of con-tinued future cooperation through relational commitment , facilitating the establishment of long-term, sta-ble cooperative relationships with high-quality contractors. This, in tum, imprves project cooperationperformance and maxvimizes the interests of the owner. This study provides a theoretical foundation for thepromotion of the contractor hierarchical management model.

Application of Bamboo Reinforced Soil Subgrade in Rural Road Engineering #br#

ZHANG Wei, LOU Guanglong, YANG Leiying

2025, 41(3):  96.  doi:１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００９－０４７９．２０２５．０３．０１

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Currently, the construction of bamboo reinforced soil subgrades in highway engineering typi-cally involves a single-ayer approach, which limits the extent of reinforcement coverage and makes itchallenging to ensure the quality of roadbed construction in rural road projects. To address this, this pa-per proposes an analysis of the application of bamboo reinforced soil subgrades in rural road engineeringBased on current measurement requirements, the underlying layers will be treated, and a multi-layer approach will be implemented to overcome the limitations of reinforcement coverage. This approach includesthe use of multi-layer gray soil layers and bamboo reinforcement with anti-corrosion measures. On thisfoundation, the application of bamboo reinforced soil subgrades in rural road engineering is realizedthrough the caleulation of reinforced soil and the laying of bamboo reinforcement layers. The test resultsshow that for the selected 7 independent test sections, the roadbed load ratio can reach 5. 5 or higher un-der three preloading stages of 100 kN, 150 kN, and 180 kN, respectively. This indicates that the pro-posed bamboo reinforced soil subgrade method for rural roads is efficient, reliable, and highly targeted.Additionally , the roadbed quality has been significantly improved, providing valuable guidance for practical construction.



Semantic-Aware Bloom Filter Based on Large Language Models#br#

ZHANG Hao, TAl Mengsiyun, ZHAO Wentao, HE Wei

2025, 41(3):  101.  doi:１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００９－０４７９．２０２５．０３．０１６

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With the rapid growth of data volume , traditional Bloom Filters face challenges such as highfalse positive rates and limited flexibility when processing large-scale data streams. To improve the accu-racy and eliciency of data stream processing, this paper introduces a semantic-aware Bloom Filter(SABF) based on large language models (LLMs). By leveraging the advanced semantic understandingcapabilities of LLMs, SABF generates semantic embedding vectors for text data and uses this informationto optimize the selection of hash functions and the design of bitmap structures. This enables more preciseidentification of the semantic features within the text data. Experimental results demonstrate that SABFsignificantly reduces the false positive rate, especially as data volume increases, where it lowers the falsepositive rate by over 20%6 compared to traditional methods. Additionally, SABF excels in identifying se.mantically similar documents, achieving an accuracy rate of 83 % , thereby significantly improving the efficiency of processing, complex semantic infommation. This study presents an innovative solution for large.scale text data processing and real-time data stream applications, making a valuable contribution to the
advancement of related fields.

Application of Graph Regularized Discriminant Non-negative Matrix Factorization Method Based on Dimensionality Representation Scaling in Clustering

MA Lijuan, SHEN Xuzhu

2025, 41(3):  108.  doi:１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００９－０４７９．２０２５．０３．０１７

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When some data labels are known, the non-negative matrix factorization ( NMF ) method canbe extended to a semi-supervised learning apprach , which enhances the discriminative power of the newdata representation and improves clustering perfommance. In this paper, we propose a graph regularizeddiscriminative non-negative matrix factorization method based on low-dimensional representation scaling(SGDNMF'). The core idea is to scale the low-dimensional representations of labeled data points and align them with the vectors encoding their labels. We formulate the mathematical model for this method.provide an iterative updating algorithm for solving the model, and analyze the convergence of the algo.rithm. We conduet clustering experiments on three real-world datasets and compare it with other state-of.the-art methods. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and efficieney of our method.

Pathways of Digital Empowerment and Innovative in Engineering Geological Investigation Under the Framework of Modern Apprenticeship

YIN Qiong , Ll jin'

2025, 41(3):  117.  doi:１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００９－０４７９．２０２５．０３．０１８

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 'This study explores the pathways of digital empowerment and innovation in the field of engineering geological exploration within the framework of the modern apprenticeship system. It discusses thewidespread application of digital technologies in geological exploration and their transformative impact ontraditional exploration processes. The study analyzes the educational model that integrates modern appren-ticeship with digital technologies , emphasizing its role in enhancing students’ practical skills and reducingthe gap between theoretical knowledge and practical experience. Additionally, it suggests innovative strat.egies for optimizing the alignment between vocational education and industry needs through school-enter.prise colaboration and the dual-mentor system.



The Exploration of the Construction Path for the Integration ofTeaching Modes in CNC Technology Programming#br# #br#

HAO Zhongbo, Ll Xiaonan

2025, 41(3):  122.  doi:１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００９－０４７９．２０２５．０３．０１９

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 This study aims to explore an effective construction path for the integration of online and oflineteaching modes in CNC technology programming education. Through in-depth analysis of traditionateaching methods and modern remote teaching approaches, combined with educational theory and techno.logical practices, this paper proposes an innovative blended teaching model. Through practical teachingexperiments, this model integrates online interactive platforms with ollline practical operation. electivelenhancing teaching interactivity and improving students’practical operation skills. Experimental resultsshow that the blended model significantly increases students’ learning interests and technical mastery levelcompared to traditional teaching methods, providing a new teaching srategy for CNC technology programming education. This research not only offers a combination of theory and practice in the field of CNCtechnology programming education, but also provides reference for innovative teaching models in otherfields of technical education.